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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "READELF 1"
.TH READELF 1 "2025-03-10" "binutils-2.27" "GNU Development Tools"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
readelf \- Displays information about ELF files.
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
readelf [\fB\-a\fR|\fB\-\-all\fR]
        [\fB\-h\fR|\fB\-\-file\-header\fR]
        [\fB\-l\fR|\fB\-\-program\-headers\fR|\fB\-\-segments\fR]
        [\fB\-S\fR|\fB\-\-section\-headers\fR|\fB\-\-sections\fR]
        [\fB\-g\fR|\fB\-\-section\-groups\fR]
        [\fB\-t\fR|\fB\-\-section\-details\fR]
        [\fB\-e\fR|\fB\-\-headers\fR]
        [\fB\-s\fR|\fB\-\-syms\fR|\fB\-\-symbols\fR]
        [\fB\-\-dyn\-syms\fR]
        [\fB\-n\fR|\fB\-\-notes\fR]
        [\fB\-r\fR|\fB\-\-relocs\fR]
        [\fB\-u\fR|\fB\-\-unwind\fR]
        [\fB\-d\fR|\fB\-\-dynamic\fR]
        [\fB\-V\fR|\fB\-\-version\-info\fR]
        [\fB\-A\fR|\fB\-\-arch\-specific\fR]
        [\fB\-D\fR|\fB\-\-use\-dynamic\fR]
        [\fB\-x\fR <number or name>|\fB\-\-hex\-dump=\fR<number or name>]
        [\fB\-p\fR <number or name>|\fB\-\-string\-dump=\fR<number or name>]
        [\fB\-R\fR <number or name>|\fB\-\-relocated\-dump=\fR<number or name>]
        [\fB\-z\fR|\fB\-\-decompress\fR]
        [\fB\-c\fR|\fB\-\-archive\-index\fR]
        [\fB\-w[lLiaprmfFsoRt]\fR|
         \fB\-\-debug\-dump\fR[=rawline,=decodedline,=info,=abbrev,=pubnames,=aranges,=macro,=frames,=frames\-interp,=str,=loc,=Ranges,=pubtypes,=trace_info,=trace_abbrev,=trace_aranges,=gdb_index]]
        [\fB\-\-dwarf\-depth=\fR\fIn\fR]
        [\fB\-\-dwarf\-start=\fR\fIn\fR]
        [\fB\-I\fR|\fB\-\-histogram\fR]
        [\fB\-v\fR|\fB\-\-version\fR]
        [\fB\-W\fR|\fB\-\-wide\fR]
        [\fB\-H\fR|\fB\-\-help\fR]
        [\fB\-U\fR \fImethod\fR|\fB\-\-unicode=\fR\fImethod\fR]
        \fIelffile\fR...
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
\&\fBreadelf\fR displays information about one or more \s-1ELF\s0 format object
files.  The options control what particular information to display.
.PP
\&\fIelffile\fR... are the object files to be examined.  32\-bit and
64\-bit \s-1ELF\s0 files are supported, as are archives containing \s-1ELF\s0 files.
.PP
This program performs a similar function to \fBobjdump\fR but it
goes into more detail and it exists independently of the \s-1BFD\s0
library, so if there is a bug in \s-1BFD\s0 then readelf will not be
affected.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.IX Header "OPTIONS"
The long and short forms of options, shown here as alternatives, are
equivalent.  At least one option besides \fB\-v\fR or \fB\-H\fR must be
given.
.IP "\fB\-a\fR" 4
.IX Item "-a"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-all\fR" 4
.IX Item "--all"
.PD
Equivalent to specifying \fB\-\-file\-header\fR,
\&\fB\-\-program\-headers\fR, \fB\-\-sections\fR, \fB\-\-symbols\fR,
\&\fB\-\-relocs\fR, \fB\-\-dynamic\fR, \fB\-\-notes\fR and
\&\fB\-\-version\-info\fR.
.IP "\fB\-h\fR" 4
.IX Item "-h"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-file\-header\fR" 4
.IX Item "--file-header"
.PD
Displays the information contained in the \s-1ELF\s0 header at the start of the
file.
.IP "\fB\-l\fR" 4
.IX Item "-l"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-program\-headers\fR" 4
.IX Item "--program-headers"
.IP "\fB\-\-segments\fR" 4
.IX Item "--segments"
.PD
Displays the information contained in the file's segment headers, if it
has any.
.IP "\fB\-S\fR" 4
.IX Item "-S"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-sections\fR" 4
.IX Item "--sections"
.IP "\fB\-\-section\-headers\fR" 4
.IX Item "--section-headers"
.PD
Displays the information contained in the file's section headers, if it
has any.
.IP "\fB\-g\fR" 4
.IX Item "-g"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-section\-groups\fR" 4
.IX Item "--section-groups"
.PD
Displays the information contained in the file's section groups, if it
has any.
.IP "\fB\-t\fR" 4
.IX Item "-t"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-section\-details\fR" 4
.IX Item "--section-details"
.PD
Displays the detailed section information. Implies \fB\-S\fR.
.IP "\fB\-s\fR" 4
.IX Item "-s"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-symbols\fR" 4
.IX Item "--symbols"
.IP "\fB\-\-syms\fR" 4
.IX Item "--syms"
.PD
Displays the entries in symbol table section of the file, if it has one.
.IP "\fB\-\-dyn\-syms\fR" 4
.IX Item "--dyn-syms"
Displays the entries in dynamic symbol table section of the file, if it
has one.
.IP "\fB\-U\fR \fI[d|i|l|e|x|h]\fR" 4
.IX Item "-U [d|i|l|e|x|h]"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-unicode=[default|invalid|locale|escape|hex|highlight]\fR" 4
.IX Item "--unicode=[default|invalid|locale|escape|hex|highlight]"
.PD
Controls the display of non-ASCII characters in identifier names.
The default (\fB\-\-unicode=locale\fR or \fB\-\-unicode=default\fR) is
to treat them as multibyte characters and display them in the current
locale.  All other versions of this option treat the bytes as \s-1UTF\-8\s0
encoded values and attempt to interpret them.  If they cannot be
interpreted or if the \fB\-\-unicode=invalid\fR option is used then
they are displayed as a sequence of hex bytes, encloses in curly
parethesis characters.
.Sp
Using the \fB\-\-unicode=escape\fR option will display the characters
as as unicode escape sequences (\fI\euxxxx\fR).  Using the
\&\fB\-\-unicode=hex\fR will display the characters as hex byte
sequences enclosed between angle brackets.
.Sp
Using the \fB\-\-unicode=highlight\fR will display the characters as 
unicode escape sequences but it will also highlighted them in red,
assuming that colouring is supported by the output device.  The
colouring is intended to draw attention to the presence of unicode
sequences when they might not be expected.
.IP "\fB\-e\fR" 4
.IX Item "-e"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-headers\fR" 4
.IX Item "--headers"
.PD
Display all the headers in the file.  Equivalent to \fB\-h \-l \-S\fR.
.IP "\fB\-n\fR" 4
.IX Item "-n"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-notes\fR" 4
.IX Item "--notes"
.PD
Displays the contents of the \s-1NOTE\s0 segments and/or sections, if any.
.IP "\fB\-r\fR" 4
.IX Item "-r"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-relocs\fR" 4
.IX Item "--relocs"
.PD
Displays the contents of the file's relocation section, if it has one.
.IP "\fB\-u\fR" 4
.IX Item "-u"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-unwind\fR" 4
.IX Item "--unwind"
.PD
Displays the contents of the file's unwind section, if it has one.  Only
the unwind sections for \s-1IA64 ELF\s0 files, as well as \s-1ARM\s0 unwind tables
(\f(CW\*(C`.ARM.exidx\*(C'\fR / \f(CW\*(C`.ARM.extab\*(C'\fR) are currently supported.
.IP "\fB\-d\fR" 4
.IX Item "-d"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-dynamic\fR" 4
.IX Item "--dynamic"
.PD
Displays the contents of the file's dynamic section, if it has one.
.IP "\fB\-V\fR" 4
.IX Item "-V"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-version\-info\fR" 4
.IX Item "--version-info"
.PD
Displays the contents of the version sections in the file, it they
exist.
.IP "\fB\-A\fR" 4
.IX Item "-A"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-arch\-specific\fR" 4
.IX Item "--arch-specific"
.PD
Displays architecture-specific information in the file, if there
is any.
.IP "\fB\-D\fR" 4
.IX Item "-D"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-use\-dynamic\fR" 4
.IX Item "--use-dynamic"
.PD
When displaying symbols, this option makes \fBreadelf\fR use the
symbol hash tables in the file's dynamic section, rather than the
symbol table sections.
.IP "\fB\-x <number or name>\fR" 4
.IX Item "-x <number or name>"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-hex\-dump=<number or name>\fR" 4
.IX Item "--hex-dump=<number or name>"
.PD
Displays the contents of the indicated section as a hexadecimal bytes.
A number identifies a particular section by index in the section table;
any other string identifies all sections with that name in the object file.
.IP "\fB\-R <number or name>\fR" 4
.IX Item "-R <number or name>"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-relocated\-dump=<number or name>\fR" 4
.IX Item "--relocated-dump=<number or name>"
.PD
Displays the contents of the indicated section as a hexadecimal
bytes.  A number identifies a particular section by index in the
section table; any other string identifies all sections with that name
in the object file.  The contents of the section will be relocated
before they are displayed.
.IP "\fB\-p <number or name>\fR" 4
.IX Item "-p <number or name>"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-string\-dump=<number or name>\fR" 4
.IX Item "--string-dump=<number or name>"
.PD
Displays the contents of the indicated section as printable strings.
A number identifies a particular section by index in the section table;
any other string identifies all sections with that name in the object file.
.IP "\fB\-z\fR" 4
.IX Item "-z"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-decompress\fR" 4
.IX Item "--decompress"
.PD
Requests that the section(s) being dumped by \fBx\fR, \fBR\fR or
\&\fBp\fR options are decompressed before being displayed.  If the
section(s) are not compressed then they are displayed as is.
.IP "\fB\-c\fR" 4
.IX Item "-c"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-archive\-index\fR" 4
.IX Item "--archive-index"
.PD
Displays the file symbol index information contained in the header part
of binary archives.  Performs the same function as the \fBt\fR
command to \fBar\fR, but without using the \s-1BFD\s0 library.
.IP "\fB\-w[lLiaprmfFsoRt]\fR" 4
.IX Item "-w[lLiaprmfFsoRt]"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-debug\-dump[=rawline,=decodedline,=info,=abbrev,=pubnames,=aranges,=macro,=frames,=frames\-interp,=str,=loc,=Ranges,=pubtypes,=trace_info,=trace_abbrev,=trace_aranges,=gdb_index]\fR" 4
.IX Item "--debug-dump[=rawline,=decodedline,=info,=abbrev,=pubnames,=aranges,=macro,=frames,=frames-interp,=str,=loc,=Ranges,=pubtypes,=trace_info,=trace_abbrev,=trace_aranges,=gdb_index]"
.PD
Displays the contents of the debug sections in the file, if any are
present.  If one of the optional letters or words follows the switch
then only data found in those specific sections will be dumped.
.Sp
Note that there is no single letter option to display the content of
trace sections or .gdb_index.
.Sp
Note: the \fB=decodedline\fR option will display the interpreted
contents of a .debug_line section whereas the \fB=rawline\fR option
dumps the contents in a raw format.
.Sp
Note: the \fB=frames\-interp\fR option will display the interpreted
contents of a .debug_frame section whereas the \fB=frames\fR option
dumps the contents in a raw format.
.Sp
Note: the output from the \fB=info\fR option can also be affected
by the options \fB\-\-dwarf\-depth\fR and \fB\-\-dwarf\-start\fR.
.IP "\fB\-\-dwarf\-depth=\fR\fIn\fR" 4
.IX Item "--dwarf-depth=n"
Limit the dump of the \f(CW\*(C`.debug_info\*(C'\fR section to \fIn\fR children.
This is only useful with \fB\-\-debug\-dump=info\fR.  The default is
to print all DIEs; the special value 0 for \fIn\fR will also have this
effect.
.Sp
With a non-zero value for \fIn\fR, DIEs at or deeper than \fIn\fR
levels will not be printed.  The range for \fIn\fR is zero-based.
.IP "\fB\-\-dwarf\-start=\fR\fIn\fR" 4
.IX Item "--dwarf-start=n"
Print only DIEs beginning with the \s-1DIE\s0 numbered \fIn\fR.  This is only
useful with \fB\-\-debug\-dump=info\fR.
.Sp
If specified, this option will suppress printing of any header
information and all DIEs before the \s-1DIE\s0 numbered \fIn\fR.  Only
siblings and children of the specified \s-1DIE\s0 will be printed.
.Sp
This can be used in conjunction with \fB\-\-dwarf\-depth\fR.
.IP "\fB\-I\fR" 4
.IX Item "-I"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-histogram\fR" 4
.IX Item "--histogram"
.PD
Display a histogram of bucket list lengths when displaying the contents
of the symbol tables.
.IP "\fB\-v\fR" 4
.IX Item "-v"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-version\fR" 4
.IX Item "--version"
.PD
Display the version number of readelf.
.IP "\fB\-W\fR" 4
.IX Item "-W"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-wide\fR" 4
.IX Item "--wide"
.PD
Don't break output lines to fit into 80 columns. By default
\&\fBreadelf\fR breaks section header and segment listing lines for
64\-bit \s-1ELF\s0 files, so that they fit into 80 columns. This option causes
\&\fBreadelf\fR to print each section header resp. each segment one a
single line, which is far more readable on terminals wider than 80 columns.
.IP "\fB\-H\fR" 4
.IX Item "-H"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-help\fR" 4
.IX Item "--help"
.PD
Display the command line options understood by \fBreadelf\fR.
.IP "\fB@\fR\fIfile\fR" 4
.IX Item "@file"
Read command-line options from \fIfile\fR.  The options read are
inserted in place of the original @\fIfile\fR option.  If \fIfile\fR
does not exist, or cannot be read, then the option will be treated
literally, and not removed.
.Sp
Options in \fIfile\fR are separated by whitespace.  A whitespace
character may be included in an option by surrounding the entire
option in either single or double quotes.  Any character (including a
backslash) may be included by prefixing the character to be included
with a backslash.  The \fIfile\fR may itself contain additional
@\fIfile\fR options; any such options will be processed recursively.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
\&\fIobjdump\fR\|(1), and the Info entries for \fIbinutils\fR.
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
Copyright (c) 1991\-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
.PP
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the
section entitled \*(L"\s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License\*(R".
